Biomedical and Industrial Applications of Janus Nanoparticles

Review Article

Abstract

Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) are characterized by their non-centrosymmetric geometry and distinct surface chemistries within a single entity. Unlike conventional isotropic nanomaterials, these anisotropic structures possess two or more spatially segregated domains, enabling the integration of contrasting properties such as hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, or magnetism and plasmonic resonance into a solitary unit. This review explains the current state of JNP development, tracing their evolution from theoretical postulates to complex, multifunctional agents. The synthesis of these particles has advanced significantly, moving beyond elementary masking techniques to sophisticated microfluidic and phase-separation methodologies that allow for precise control over particle shape, aspect ratio, and compartmentalization. Consequently, these materials have demonstrated exceptional utility in stabilizing Pickering emulsions, functioning as autonomous nanomotors, and facilitating targeted drug delivery systems where dual-drug loading is required. Moreover, the amphiphilic nature of JNPs has opened new avenues in environmental remediation and catalytic interface engineering. This review provides the structural versatility of JNPs and evaluates their potential to resolve challenges in nanomedicine and industrial surface chemistry